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Skin diseases are frequently encountered in children. In fact, it is known that at least 20% of children visiting pediatricians and general practitioners suffer from some type of dermatological condition.

In children, we encounter skin diseases that either concern childhood exclusively or are also found in adults but with variations due to the particularities of pediatric skin. The dermatologist is the specialist who deals with all dermatological conditions, regardless of the age at which they appear. Most commonly, the following dermatological conditions are treated in the dermatology clinic:

• Atopic dermatitis: A chronic relapsing inflammatory dermatosis, the most common in childhood (5-25%), which, due to its intensely pruritic (itchy) nature and its clinical presentation and course, affects the quality of life of children and their families.
• Seborrheic dermatitis: A common (2-5%) chronic inflammatory dermatosis, which in children is quite frequent during the first 10 weeks of life. It is mainly localized on the face and scalp, and generally in areas where sebaceous glands are highly active.
• Other clinical forms of dermatitis/eczema: Frequently encountered forms include irritant contact dermatitis, a specific type of which is diaper dermatitis.
• Pityriasis alba: Common in childhood and pre-adolescence, especially in children with dark skin. It is highly associated (85%) with atopic predisposition and is characterized by hypopigmented patches with fine scaling that appear mainly on the face. These are particularly visible after sun exposure and subside completely during adolescence.
• Acne: Classified into neonatal, infantile, childhood, and adolescent acne vulgaris, depending on the age of onset of comedones and inflammatory lesions. In adolescents specifically, it is the most common skin disease, affecting 85% of children aged 15-18, while acne rates are also very high in pre-adolescent girls (6-8 years old). The severity and course of acne depend largely on early diagnosis and proper management.
• Viral skin infections: Such as warts (verrucae), encountered in 10% of school-age children, mainly on the hands and soles (common and plantar warts), but also on the face (flat warts). Also, molluscum contagiosum, which appears as umbilicated papules and is easily transmitted through physical contact and the shared use of objects; therefore, it is common in childhood, whereas in adolescents and adults, it may be considered a sexually transmitted disease, as is the case with genital warts (condylomata acuminata).
• Bacterial skin infections: Caused by streptococcus and staphylococcus (impetigo, folliculitis). Impetigo is the most common bacterial infection in children, is contagious, and is a frequent reason for visiting dermatology clinics.
• Fungal infections of the skin, scalp, and nails.
• Infestations (pediculosis/lice, scabies, papular urticaria).
• Nevi (Moles).
• Hemangiomas, vascular malformations.